HOLDF - Overview: Hematologic Disorders, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Hold, Varies (2023)

FAQs

How do I read my FISH test results? ›

FISH testing usually returns one of two results: positive or negative. Positive means your breast cancer cells make too much HER2 and your doctor should treat you with drugs that target that protein. Negative means the protein isn't involved in the growth of your tumor.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique that utilizes hybridization of fluorescein labeled DNA probes to specific chromosomal regions to detect specific chromosome abnormalities. The abnormalities may be translocations, deletions, inversions, trisomies or amplification.

What is the FISH Test? FISH stands for Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation. This is a special test which can be performed on uncultured amniocentesis or CVS samples. The result is usually available with 24-48 hours.

But if abnormalities are found after treatment during another round of testing, it means that patient has residual disease and has a high risk of the cancer coming back.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique which complements conventional cytogenetic banding analysis by allowing the evaluation of cells in interphase as well as metaphase. This technique has been used to study air-dried peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears.

Interpretation: A positive result is reported when the percent of cells with an abnormality exceeds the normal reference range for any of the probes. The detection of an abnormal clone indicates a diagnosis of multiple myeloma with the specific chromosome abnormality.

Interphase Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Multiple myeloma FISH panel aids in stratifying individuals with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma into risk groups for prognosis and selection of therapy. It is also useful in following up remission or relapse status.

In addition, FISH may detect bladder cancer recurrences three to six months earlier. FISH also can identify chromosomal abnormalities in leukemias, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, some of which are associated with aggressive forms of the disease.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) uses DNA fragments incorporated with fluorophore-coupled nucleotides as probes to examine the presence or absence of complementary sequences in fixed cells or tissues under a fluorescent microscope.

What is fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH report? ›

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that allows the localization of a specific DNA sequence or an entire chromosome in a cell.

Diagnostic accuracy of FISH assay was comparable to that of microscopy which was 95%.

Cancer treatment

Doctors use the FISH test to measure the amount of HER2/neu gene in each cancer cell. If the FISH test comes back strongly positive for HER2, it is much more likely that a drug called trastuzumab (Herceptin) will work.

Prenatal interphase FISH testing is highly accurate, with reported false-positive and -negative rates usually less than 1%.

The FISH test results will tell you that the cancer is either “positive” or “negative” (a result sometimes reported as “zero”) for HER2. Generally, the FISH test is not as widely available as another method of HER2 testing, called ImmunoHistoChemistry, or IHC. However, FISH is considered more accurate.

A FISH test looks for a small number of specific changes in genes or chromosomes in the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. You may have a range of blood tests to diagnose chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and throughout treatment. These may include cytogenetic tests.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a sensitive method to detect smaller genomic changes associated with various hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

The non-Hodgkin lymphoma FISH panel detects IGH gene translocations or rearrangements involving the 14q32 locus. Included in this group are follicular lymphoma (FL), Burkitt Lymphoma (BL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

What Abnormal Results Mean. Abnormal results may be due to cancers of the bone marrow (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or other cancers). The results may detect the cause of anemia (too few red blood cells), abnormal white blood cells, or thrombocytopenia (too few platelets).

The results of a bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy help doctors find out about these conditions: Blood cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma. A fever with an unknown cause. Stem cell disorders.

Why is bone marrow biopsy so painful? ›

A needle is inserted through the skin and into the periosteum. With twisting motion and pressure applied, the needle is driven through the bony cortex and into the marrow cavity. Most of the pain and discomfort associated with the procedure comes from the needle piercing through the periosteum.

Bone marrow biopsy

This test is required to confirm the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. A needle is inserted into the bone marrow space to remove a small sliver of bone marrow.

Beta-2-microglobulin is a protein found on the surface of myeloma cells that plays a role in the immune response. A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin predicts a poor prognosis. The level of this protein goes up if: the number of myeloma cells goes up.

A bone marrow biopsy is usually needed to confirm multiple myeloma. A needle is used to take a small sample of bone marrow (where all the blood cells are made) from one of your bones, usually the pelvis. A small sample of bone may also be removed.

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) measures the amount of immunoglobulins (antibodies) in the blood. This test looks for abnormal proteins found in myeloma. The myeloma protein is called monoclonal protein (also called M-protein, light chain, abnormal antibody or paraprotein).

Most tumors are seen as bumps or lumps under the fish's skin. But the location and signs of the tumor can be different for each fish, and depend greatly on the type of tumor. Unfortunately, internal tumors or cancers display symptoms once it has become to late to save the fish.

Blood tests.

Laboratory analysis of your blood may reveal the M proteins produced by myeloma cells. Another abnormal protein produced by myeloma cells — called beta-2-microglobulin — may be detected in your blood and give your doctor clues about the aggressiveness of your myeloma.

Healthy fish

Swims effortlessly and steadily. Alert. Fins are held erect. Good nutritional body condition score (will have body contours that are well-filled, paying particular attention to the abdomen)

Antibiotics are recommended to be used in the form of therapeutic baths to control bacterial diseases of the skin and gills of fish. These baths are used mainly in aquaristics and today also in rearing young stages of fish in special fish culture facilities.

What is in situ hybridization in disease diagnosis? ›

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique by which specific nucleotide sequences are identified in cells or tissue sections. These may be endogenous, bacterial or viral, DNA or RNA.

What is the Difference Between FISH and ISH? FISH and ISH both use the same concept of in situ hybridization, but FISH does so with the addition of fluorescent probes. This enables direct detection. Fluorescence allows the visualization of probes in combination with the surrounding cells and tissues.

Fluorescence in situ Hybridization, also known as "FISH," is a technique used to detect the presence of specific groups of Bacteria and Archaea microbes.

In situ hybridization enables the detection and precise localization of a specific nucleic acid sequence within an individual cell. The nucleic acid sequence is bound specifically in a tissue section by complementary base pairing, that is, hybridization, with a detectable nucleic acid segment called a probe.

FISH testing has high sensitivity and specificity. The main limitation of FISH analysis is that it only provides information about the specific locus or gene tested.

Interphase FISH can be used for the detection of any chromosome abnormality for which there is an appropriate probe. However, limitations of the technique include an inherently high false-positive rate due to the apparent co-localization of two signals when viewing a three-dimensional nucleus in two dimensions.

DNA in situ hybridization is used to identify the position of genes and localize and detect the specific DNA sequences in cells.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a widely used method to detect environmental microorganisms. The standard protocol is typically conducted at a temperature of 46°C and a hybridization time of 2 or 3 h, using the fluorescence signal intensity as the sole parameter to evaluate the performance of FISH.

The cost per reportable test is $62.30 for FISH and $56.86 for IHC (Ventana). FISH cost/result is slightly costlier than IHC cost/result.

What are CVS FISH test results? ›

If the FISH test is normal, then this means that the baby is not affected with Down syndrome, and probably does not have a chromosomal abnormality, the full chromosomal analysis will still return, in approximately 10 days time. There remains a slight risk of a rare chromosomal abnormality being detected at that time.

For FISH, the average per sample cost was $227.12 (range: $169.09 to $360). The average cost was $330 among the U.S. and $197.72 among European labs.

Interphase FISH for detection of the common aneuploidies misses about 30% of all chromosome abnormalities detectable by standard cytogenetics even with 100% accuracy of the test.

What is the major disadvantage to the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method of genetic testing? A. Single nucleotide mutations cannot be detected.

Diagnosing Chromosomal Abnormalities Using Karyotypes and FISH. FISH and other in situ hybridization procedures are important in the clinical diagnosis of various chromosomal abnormalities, including deletions, duplications, and translocations.

FISH Testing (Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization):

Fluorescent probes can be used to characterize chromosome abnormalities associated with specific hematologic diseases. Reporting time is 7 days.

Testing Aquarium pH

pH – the measure of whether water is acidic (pH 1 to 7.0) or basic (pH 7.1 to 14). 7.0 is considered neutral. Most freshwater aquarium tropical fish do best at a pH of 6.8 to 7.8, although certain fish may require higher or lower levels.

A concentration of 5 mg/L DO is recommended for optimum fish health. Sensitivity to low levels of dissolved oxygen is species specific, however, most species of fish are distressed when DO falls to 2-4 mg/L. Mortality usually occurs at concentrations less than 2 mg/L.

Lethargy, poor color, poor immune system and weakened feeding response are all signs of nitrate poisoning. Most professional aquarists contend that nitrate concentrations should never exceed 20 ppm but are much more safely maintained below 10 ppm.

What is a safe ammonia level in a fish tank? ›

The only safe level of ammonia is 0 parts per million (ppm). Even concentrations of just 2 ppm can cause fish to die in your tank. By measuring your tank's water and making the necessary adjustments, you can help lower ammonia levels back down to a safe, manageable level for your fish.

Oxygen requirements vary between fish species, however, it is recommended your aquarium water has an 80-110% oxygen saturation and DO level of 6-8 mg/L. Supersaturation (anything >115%) in aquariums should be avoided, as it is one of the causes of gas bubble disease in fish.

You should generally fill the tank up to an inch below the trim because the water column and aeration system will create bubbles that splash the surface. When the waterline is too high, water may splash outside of the tank. Jumping behavior isn't unusual among aquarium species.

Very high and very low water levels create adversities for migrating fish. Whether to migrate to spawn, as salmon and steelhead do, or to utilize seasonal habitat, like systemic trout, bass, or whitefish, extremes in water levels can postpone fish movements.

Too much oxygen in water can lead to the potentially lethal gas bubble disease, in which gas comes out of solution inside the fish, creating bubbles in its skin and around its eyes. (Excess nitrogen, however, is a far more common cause of this disease.)

When dissolved oxygen becomes too low, fish and other aquatic organisms cannot survive. The colder water is, the more oxygen it can hold. As the water becomes warmer, less oxygen can be dissolved in the water.

Total dissolved gas concentrations in water should not exceed 110 percent. Concentrations above this level can be harmful to aquatic life. Fish in waters containing excessive dissolved gases may suffer from "gas bubble disease"; however, this is a very rare occurrence.